![]() ![]() Localization: trunk, back of the hands, forearms, head, face, and neck.Usually single lesion but can also appear as multiple seborrheic keratosis ( Leser-Trélat sign ).May become irritated by external trauma or spontaneous ly.Grea sy, wax-like, and “ stuck-on ” appearance.Multiple darkly pigmented papules / plaques, sharply demarcated, and soft.Paraneoplastic seborrheic keratosis ( Leser-Trélat sign) most commonly results from gastrointestinal cancer.Epidemiology: most commo n benign skin tumor in the elderly population.Definition: benign growths of immature keratinocytes.Warts may recur and require multiple treatments.Healthy children usually achieve spontaneous remission within 2 years.Alternatives: 5- fluorouracil cream or topical retinoic acid for flat warts.First-line : salicylic acid (daily application for a few weeks).Diagnosis: based on clinical appearance of lesion.Papillomatosis (i.e., elongated rete ridges of the epidermis that point towards the center of the wart).Anogenital warts: see “ Anogenital warts.”.Appearance: flesh-colored, hyperkeratotic surface.Appearance: flesh-colored, smooth papules, flat surface.Localization: face, back of the hand, legs.Appearance: skin -colored or whitish, soft, rough-surfaced, scaly papules or plaques (sometimes with a cauliflower-like appearance).Localization: elbows, knees, fingers, palms.Epidemiology : : more frequent in children and young adults.Definition: hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of epidermis commonly caused by human papillomavirus ( HPV ).Treatment: same as for hypertrophic scars (see above).Localization: earlobes, face (especially cheeks), upper extremities, chest, and neck.Brownish-red scar tissue of varying consistency (soft or hard) with claw-like appearance that grows beyond the boundaries of the original lesion.Increased TGF-β expression and fibroblast proliferation.Increased synthesis and unorganized deposition of collagen type I and collagen type III.Etiology: i mbalance in wound healing processes due to local factors and genetics.Epidemiology: increased incidence in patients with a family history of keloids and in dark-skinned individuals.Definition: skin lesions caused by high fibroblast proliferation and collagen production as excessive tissue response to, typically small, skin injuries.Prevention: follow surgical principles associated with decreased risk of scar development (e.g., incisions should follow skin creases to reduce tension on the suture).Surgical excision (may be combined with radiotherapy).First-line treatment: intralesional steroid injection → ↓ scar thickening, and relieves pain and pruritus, if present.Diagnosis : : based on clinical appearance of lesion and patient history of trauma or surgery.Raised scar that does not grow beyond the boundaries of the original lesion, possibly erythematous (may be firm).Increased synthesis and parallel deposition of collagen type III. ![]() Etiology: i mbalance in wound healing processes due to various local and genetic factors.Epidemiology: seen in individuals of all races, and should not be confused with keloid scars, which are more common in dark-skinned individuals.Definition: cutaneous condition characterized by high fibroblast proliferation and collagen production that leads to a raised scar that does not grow beyond the boundaries of the original lesion.May appear similar to hemangiomas or vascular malformations.A rare vascular lesion, characterized by proliferation of vessels mixed with adipose tissue.Diagnosis : based on clinical appearance of lesion and history of rapid growth and easily injured/bleeding surface.Localization: usually develops at a site of skin injury on the face or hands.Soft, round, bright red tumor that bleeds easily.Definition: benign vascular tumor characterized by rapid growth and tendency to bleed easily.Complications: profuse bleeding after trauma.Options: electrocauterization, vascular laser therapy.Intervention is not necessary unless bleeding occurs or for cosmetic reasons.Diagnosis : : based on clinical appearance of lesion.Usually on the trunk and upper extremities, but may occur all over the body.Bright cherry red, dome-shaped papules or macules that may appear purple with time ( 0.5–6 mm in diameter).Etiology: unknown, genetic predisposition.Pathophysiology: benign proliferation of dilated mature capillaries.Incidence increases with age (most common acquired cutaneous vascular anomaly).Infantile hemangioma ( strawberry hemangioma)Ĭherry hemangioma ( Campbell de Morgan spots) ![]()
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